9 December 2025 | Observations of Freezing Lead Acid Batteries Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Lawrence Stanton, Robyn Verrinder, Stephen Paine, Justin Pead, Paul Barendse and Ernst Ferg.

 

UCT-MARiS Electrical Engineering PhD student, Lawrence Stanton and Robyn Verrinder from UCT-MARiS highlights a knowledge gap of the use of lead acid (LA) batteries in extreme low temperatures, specifically for applications in Antarctica.

 

Highlights of the Article:

  • EIS Measurements of Lead acid batteries is explored for applications in Antarctica.
  • Lead Acid batteries maintain significant capacity at extreme low temperatures.
  • State of Charge is indeterminate by the EMF if electrolyte freezing occurs.
  • Freezing leads to very large changes in the EIS response of Lead Acid batteries.
  • The extent of freezing and State of Charge is correlated to the high frequency resistance.

 

To read the article, you can download the paper here.

Lawrence Stanton Paper 2025